Introduction: Our company has compiled relevant data on asphalt and asphalt mixtures commonly used in highway engineering. The content strictly follows JTG 3410-2025 "Test Procedures for Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures in Highway Engineering", providing an authoritative reference for engineering applications and testing.

2.1 Terminology

2.1.1 Density of Asphalt

The mass of asphalt per unit volume at a specified temperature, expressed in g/cm³.

2.1.2 Specific Density of Asphalt

The ratio of the mass of asphalt to the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature, dimensionless.

2.1.3 Penetration

The depth to which a standard needle of a specified mass penetrates vertically into an asphalt sample at a specified temperature and time, expressed as 0.1 mm.

2.1.4 Penetration Index

A temperature-sensitivity index of asphalt binder, reflecting the degree to which penetration changes with temperature. Calculated from penetration at different temperatures using a specified method, dimensionless.

2.1.5 Ductility

The length, expressed in cm, of an asphalt sample in a specified form when stretched at a specified speed and temperature until it breaks.

2.1.6 Softening Point (Ring & Ball Method)

The temperature, expressed in °C, at which an asphalt sample, with a steel ball of a specified size and mass placed on top within a metal ring of a specified size, is heated at a specified speed in water or glycerol until the steel ball sinks a specified distance.

2.1.7 Solubility

The content of soluble substances in a specified solvent, expressed as a percentage by mass, of an asphalt sample.

2.1.8 Flash Point

The temperature at which the vapors of an asphalt sample, heated at a specified rate in a specified container, first come into contact with a test flame using a specified method, and the flame is extinguished momentarily. The sample container is the Cleveland open cup (COC) for road petroleum asphalt and the Tiger open cup (TOC) for diluted asphalt.

2.1.9 Breaking Point

The temperature at which a thin film of asphalt coated on a metal sheet cracks under specified conditions due to cooling and bending. The breaking point is expressed in °C.

2.1.10 Four Fractions of Asphalt

Asphaltenes, saturated fractions, aromatic fractions, and resins.

2.1.11 Asphalt Content

The ratio of the mass of asphalt binder to the total mass of the asphalt mixture, expressed as a percentage, also known as asphalt content.

2.1.12 Effective Asphalt Content

The ratio of the mass of asphalt effectively filling the gaps between aggregates (after deducting the portion absorbed into the internal voids) to the total mass of the asphalt mixture, expressed as a percentage.

2.1.13 Density of Asphalt Mixture

The dry mass per unit volume of compacted asphalt mixture at room temperature, expressed in g/cm³.

2.1.14 Specific Density of Asphalt Mixture

The ratio of the density of a compacted asphalt mixture specimen to the density of water at the same temperature, dimensionless.

2.1.15 Theoretical Maximum Density of Asphalt Mixture

The maximum density of an asphalt mixture under ideal conditions, assuming the compacted asphalt mixture specimen is entirely composed of aggregate (including its internal pores) and asphalt, with zero porosity. It is expressed in g/cm³.

2.1.16 Theoretical Maximum Specific Density of Asphalt Mixture

The ratio of the theoretical maximum density of an asphalt mixture to the density of water under the same temperature conditions. It is dimensionless.

2.1.17 Apparent Density of Asphalt Mixture

The dry mass per unit volume of an asphalt mixture (including the sum of the solid volume of the mixture and the volume of the internal closed pores that do not absorb water). Also known as apparent density, it is determined by the gravimetric method in water (only applicable to asphalt mixture specimens with a water absorption rate of less than 0.5%). It is expressed in g/cm³.

2.1.18 Apparent Specific Density of Asphalt Mixture

The ratio of the apparent density of asphalt mixture to the density of water at the same temperature, dimensionless.

2.1.19 Bulk Density of Asphalt Mixture

The dry mass per unit volume of asphalt mixture (including the solid mineral components of the mixture and the total volume enclosed by the surface contours of particles such as closed pores that do not absorb water and open pores that can absorb water), expressed in g/cm³.

2.1.20 Bulk Specific Density of Asphalt Mixture

The ratio of the bulk density of asphalt mixture to the density of water at the same temperature, dimensionless.

2.1.21 Air voids of compacted asphalt mixture

The percentage of the volume of voids (excluding pores within the aggregates that have been sealed by asphalt) in a compacted asphalt mixture relative to the total volume of the mixture, expressed as VV.

2.1.22 Percentage of Asphalt Volume in Compacted Asphalt Mixture

The percentage of the volume of asphalt in a compacted asphalt mixture relative to the total volume of the mixture, expressed as VA.

2.1.23 Voids of Mineral Aggregate in Compacted Asphalt Mixture

The percentage of the volume of mineral aggregate (excluding mineral aggregate) in a compacted asphalt mixture relative to the total volume of the mixture, expressed as VMA.

2.1.24 Voids of Mineral Aggregate Filled with Asphalt in Compacted Asphalt Mixture

The percentage of the volume of effective asphalt in a compacted asphalt mixture relative to the volume of mineral aggregate (excluding mineral aggregate) (VMA), expressed as VFA.

2.1.25 Uncompacted voids of coarse mineral aggregate

The percentage of the volume of dry coarse aggregate excluding the coarse aggregate portion formed after compaction in a standard volumetric cylinder, expressed as VCApRc, relative to the total volume of coarse aggregate.

2.1.26 Voids of coarse aggregate in compacted asphalt mixture

The percentage of the volume of the asphalt mixture excluding the coarse aggregate portion to the total volume of the mixture specimen, expressed as VCAm.

2.1.27 Marshall stability

The maximum load that an asphalt mixture can withstand under specified conditions using a Marshall test apparatus, expressed in kN.

2.1.28 Flow value

The vertical deformation of the asphalt mixture specimen under the maximum load during a Marshall test, expressed in mm.

2.1.29 Dynamic Stability

During a rutting test of asphalt mixtures under specified conditions, the number of times the test wheel travels to achieve 1 mm of rutting deformation after the mixture specimen enters the stable period, expressed as cycles/mm.

2.1.30 Stiffness Modulus

The ratio of stress to strain in asphalt or asphalt mixtures under specific temperature and loading time conditions, expressed in MPa.

2.1.31 Slurry Mixture

A slurry-like mixture formed by mixing emulsified or modified emulsified asphalt, coarse and fine aggregates, fillers, water, additives, etc., in a certain proportion.

2.1.32 Mix Time of Slurry Mixture

The time taken from the addition of emulsified asphalt until the slurry mixture thickens, resistance increases significantly, and demulsification begins, expressed in seconds.

2.1.33 Break Time of Slurry Mixture

The time taken from the cessation of mixing of the slurry mixture until the asphalt and water in the emulsified asphalt separate, asphalt particles adsorb onto the aggregate, and water precipitates out, expressed in minutes.

2.1.34 Wet Track Abrasion Test Value

The mass difference per unit abrasion area of the specimen before and after abrasion on the molded slurry mixture using a wet track abrasion tester for a certain period of time, expressed in g/m².

2.1.35 Amount of Sand Adhered by Loaded Wheel

The amount of sand adhered per unit load area of the specimen after a certain number of cycles of wheel rolling on the molded slurry mixture using a loaded wheel tester, expressed in g/m². This indicator is used to determine the maximum asphalt content of the slurry mixture.

2.1.36 Creep and Recovery of Asphalt

The phenomenon of asphalt strain increasing with time under constant stress is called asphalt creep; asphalt recovering to its original state under constant zero load within a certain time after being subjected to stress is called recovery.

2.1.37 Nonrecoverable Creep Compliance of Asphalt

The ratio of residual strain to stress in asphalt material after creep and recovery, expressed in kPa⁻¹.

2.1.38 Constant Mass

During the drying process, under specified temperature conditions, two consecutive weighings are performed at intervals of not less than 2 hours, and the mass change is no more than 0.1%.

Conclusion: The above information is compiled by our company. There may be some errors during the compilation process; it is for reference only. It is recommended to use the purchased genuine copy of the "JTG 3410-2025" standard in actual engineering or testing.